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Saints,
It seems reasonable to me to do one more “topical sermon” on worship, “Mount Zion and Liturgical Transformation.”
The first point to note is that I am not a “presbyterian” in the historic sense in terms of the last two sermons. On the other hand, I think that I am more presbyterian than the presbyterians in emphasize liturgical warfare. Music is not emphasized in the Presbyterian Tradition.
Let me show this point with a good presbyterian syllogism. The argument goes that
1. Music is not emphasized in the New Testament (allegedly).
2. There are no NT endorsements of a grand musical agenda or musical instruments (except in Revelation). (There are no references to choirs, etc.)
ERGO: c) “Regulative NT worship” should not emphasize music and musical instruments, but rather have a minimal vocal music.
Westminster Larger Catechism 108: What are the duties required in the second commandment? A. The duties required in the second commandment are, the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances as God hath instituted in his word;(1) particularly prayer and thanksgiving in the name of Christ;(2) the reading, preaching, and hearing of the word;(3) the administration and receiving of the sacraments;(4) church government and discipline;(5) the ministry and maintenance thereof;(6) religious fasting;(7) swearing by the name of God,(8) and vowing unto him:(9) as also the disapproving, detesting, opposing, all false worship;(10) and, according to each one’s place and calling, removing it, and all monuments of idolatry.(11)
Please note, though the Second Commandment requires such particulars as “religious fasting” it does not require singing, playing music unto the Lord, or praising God with music – all of which are commanded 100 – to – over “religious fasting.” I mean off hand, I can’t think of any NT passage which “requires” religious fasting at all.
Don’t take my word for it, listen to our brethren presbyterians:
Kevin Reed argues,
. . . it is indisputable that these musicians [of 1Ch 23ff.] were part of the Levitical priesthood. . . .The priestly services of the Levites have been replaced in the New Testament. Therefore, the burden of proof rests with the proponents of instrumental music; they must prove a divine warrant for such service apart from tabernacle or temple ordinances, if they wish to introduce instrumental music into new covenant worship. Without such a warrant, it is improper to reintroduce such ceremonial observances back into public worship.
John L. Girardeau,
The instrumental music of temple-worship was typical of the joy and triumph of God’s believing people to result from the plentiful effusion of the Holy Ghost in New Testament times….[I]t pleased God to typify the spiritual joy to spring from a richer possession of the Holy Spirit through the sensuous rapture engendered by the passionate melody of stringed instruments and the clash of cymbals, by the blare of trumpets and the ringing of harps. It was the instruction of his children in a lower school, preparing them for a higher.
R.L. Dabney,
The man who contests this first premise had better set out at once for Rome: God is to be worshipped only in the ways appointed in His Word. Every act of public cultus not positively enjoined by Him (by direct command, approved Scriptural example, or which can be deduced by good and necessary consequence from Scripture — RB) is thereby forbidden. Christ and His apostles ordained the musical worship of the New Dispensation without any sort of musical instrument, enjoining only the singing of psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs. Hence such instruments are excluded from Christian worship. Such has been the creed of all churches, and in all ages, except for the Popish communion after it had reached the nadir of its corruption at the end of the thirteenth century, and of its prelatic imitators.
Even John Calvin says,
The Levites, under the law, were justified in making use of instrumental music in the worship of God; it having been his will to train his people, while they were yet tender and like children, by such rudiments, until the coming of Christ” and it was “a part of the education; that is to say, the puerile instruction of the law…”
Should we even have the name “presbyterian”? On the other hand, the heart of Reformation Presbyterianism is worshiping God in the way He commands in His Word and by that to wage war against everything raised against the knowledge of God. That’s why I can say we are more presbyterian than so many presbyterians. Of course we do have the tiny discrepancy of what the Bible actually warrants and requires for worship. I say, that – since I can read – the Bible tells us over and over to the point that God really seems to indicate that His people should (in both Testaments and in heaven) do things like sing, play music unto the Lord, praise God with music, sing new songs unto the Lord. In the words of O Brother “be plum silly with music.”
Perhaps one of the clearest proofs of this is the “Tabernacle of David.” The tight “presbyterian” Regulative Principle of worship does not properly account for the Liturgical revolution that is evident in the inter-Old Testament development on worship. This is seen most clearly in the Tabernacle of David. (Note, this is all ripped off from Dr. Peter Leithart, From Silence to Song).
2 Samuel 6:17-18 17 So they brought the ark of the LORD, and set it in its place in the midst of the tabernacle that David had erected for it. Then David offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD. 18 And when David had finished offering burnt offerings and peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the LORD of hosts.
1 Chronicles 16:1-4 So they brought the ark of God, and set it in the midst of the tabernacle that David had erected for it. Then they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before God. 2 And when David had finished offering the burnt offerings and the peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the LORD. 3 Then he distributed to everyone of Israel, both man and woman, to everyone a loaf of bread, a piece of meat, and a cake of raisins. 4 And he appointed some of the Levites to minister before the ark of the LORD, to commemorate, to thank, and to praise the LORD God of Israel:
Isaiah 16:5-7 5 In mercy the throne will be established; And One will sit on it in truth, in the tabernacle of David, Judging and seeking justice and hastening righteousness.” 6 We have heard of the pride of Moab — He is very proud — Of his haughtiness and his pride and his wrath; But his lies shall not be so. 7
Amos 9:11-13 11 ” On that day I will raise up The tabernacle of David, which has fallen down, And repair its damages; I will raise up its ruins, And rebuild it as in the days of old; 12 That they may possess the remnant of Edom, And all the Gentiles who are called by My name,” Says the LORD who does this thing.
In this tabernacle, there is historical and prophetic significance. It was a New Covenant type of worship in the midst of the Old Covenant which included:
a. Worship in the presence of God (Before the ark)
b. An undivided Tent – no inner vs outer tent.
c. Jews and Gentiles together.
d. Sacrifices of Praise were offered.
Does this sound familiar? Yes. It is called a foretaste of the New Covenant. That is exactly what is observed in the monumental meeting in Acts 15. This, ironically is “THE FIRST PRESBYTERY” meeting in the Bible and is appealed to by all “presbyterians” as the basis for presbytery and general assembly meetings (!!!).
Acts 15:16-18 And will rebuild the tabernacle of David, which has fallen down; I will rebuild its ruins, And I will set it up; 17 So that the rest of mankind may seek the LORD, Even all the Gentiles who are called by My name, Says the LORD who does all these things.’
Of course presbyterians have been much more interested in debating about matters of church government, polity, procedural principles, higher church courts, books of church order, etc. than in exegeting: “rebuilding the fallen tabernacle of David.” Really, this is just incredible.
But look at this. New covenant worship has several features:
- It is cast in sacrificial terms (Rom. 12, Heb 12) wherein the true offerings are human sacrifice (living sacrifices) because of the once for all offering of Jesus.
- At the center of new covenant worship is a sacrificial meal, a peace offering.
- It is for Jews and Gentiles who enter all the way in!
- It is in Zion or on Mt. Zion.
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Our brother, Peter Leithart (a presbyterian, for a little while longer?) writes:
In an unprecedented turn of events, at the outset of the Davidic covenant, the ark of God is placed among Gentiles and brings blessing. 2 Samuel 6 thus provides important background for the prophecy of Amos 9:11-12, which James quotes at the Council of Jerusalem in Acts 15:16-18 to justify the incorporation of uncircumcised Gentiles into the new Israel. . . . In the worship prescribed by David in 1 Chronicles 15-16, song and instrumental music are massively emphasized. Sacrifice is still performed at the Davidic tent, conducted by Zadok and his priestly house (1 Chronicles 16:39-40), but it is almost incidental to the Levitical orchestra and Psalm-singing. This provides a strong line of argument against Reformed liturgists who would reject the use of instruments in worship. Instrumental music is not merely “not forbidden”; on the contrary, it should be a central part of Christian worship. According to the very first church council, we do not worship at a silent Mosaic tent; we worship at the restored tent of David, and our praise in Psalms should be accompanied by an orchestra at least as robust as that of the Levites (1 Chronicles 15:16-24).
In light of this consider one of the most powerful passages of our identity as new covenant worshipers:
Hebrews 12:22-24 – But you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to myriads of angels, 12:23 to the general assembly and church of the first-born who are enrolled in heaven, and to God, the Judge of all, and to the spirits of righteous men made perfect, 12:24 and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood, which speaks better than the blood of Abel.
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Gregg Strawbridge, Pastor
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